Al-Kindi was a pioneer in chemistry, physics, psycho–somatic therapeutics, geometry, optics, music theory, as well as philosophy of science. His significant mathematical writings greatly facilitated the diffusion of the Indian numerals into S.W. Asia & N. Africa (today called ‘Arabic numerals’). A distinctive feature of his work was the conscious application of mathematics and quantification, and his invention of specific laboratory apparatus to implement experiments. Al-Kindi invented a mathematical scale to quantify the strength of a drug; as well as a system linked ........ [click here to download the full article in pdf ]

 

Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur was born in Tunis 1879 and died in 1973 at the age of 94. He came from a family of scholars, with his grandfather being especially renowned. When he entered Zaytuna, special care was made to provide him the best teachers. He was a teacher at Zaytuna all his life. His masterpiece is the Maqasid al-Sharī`ah al-Islamiyyah, the Intents, or Higher Goals of Islamic Law, published in 1946. He is famous for standing up for the right cause: when the President of Tunisia wanted a fatwa to justify abandoning the fast ........ [click here to download the full article in pdf ]

 

Muḥammad ibn Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī (d. Rajab 204 /20^th January 820) had a profound impact on the foundation of Islamic legal theory and played a significant role in the Muslim intellectual scene during the latter-half of the 2^nd/8^th century. He is revered as nāṣir al-sunnah ‘defender of the Sunnah’ who established one of the foremost legal schools, and is noted for reconciling Hadīth-based jurisprudence with Ijtihād-based fiqh. His integration of received Tradition with Rationalism offers an important model for Muslims today............ [click here to download the full article in pdf ]

 

In the year 478 of the Hijri calendar (1085 CE) the lawyer-theologian Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali (b. 1058—d. 1111) left his hometown of Tus in Khurasan (N.E. Iran) to enjoy the patronage of the powerful Persian statesman Nizam al-Mulk at the Saljuq court in Isfahan. Thereby the rising star of one of the great classical Muslim thinkers renowned as Hujjat al-Islam ‘The Proof of Islam’ became linked to the service of the powerful Saljuq Sultans. Ghazali remained committed to Ash‘ari theological teachings (kalam) and to Shafi‘i principles of jurisprudence (usul al-fiqh) throughout his life, making this form of Sunni orthodoxy the doctrinal basis for his intellectual and religious thought ......... [click here to download the full article in pdf ]